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Published online ahead of print on 7 October 2009 as doi:10.1099/vir.0.014878-0
J Gen Virol (2009), DOI 10.1099/vir.0.014878-0
© 2009 Society for General Microbiology
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Towards an Understanding of the Migration of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus

Mattias Mild1,3, Melinda Simon2, Jan Albert2 and Ali Mirazimi2

1 Karolinska Institute;
2 Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control

3 E-mail: mattias.mild{at}smi.se

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a lethal disease caused by CCHF Virus (CCHFV). It is one of the most widespread medically significant tick-borne pathogen, with a distribution that coincides well with the geographic occurrence of its tick vector, Hyalomma marginatum marginatum. Sporadic outbreaks of CCHF have previously been recognized in Asia, Africa, Middle East and Europe but in the 21st century, outbreaks have become more frequent in former Yugoslavia, Turkey and Iran. It has been suggested that CCHFV is a migrating pathogen but it is not clear to what extent. We have for the first time, analyzed the worldwide migration pattern of CCHFV. Our results showed that Turkey may be a donor in Europe, both towards east and west, while the United Arab Emirates acted as a donor in the Middle East and China was found to be the origin for genotype 2. Finally, we showed that migration of CCHFV was unrestricted between Iran and Pakistan. Considering the distribution and coincidence of the tick vector with CCHFV and CCHF, and the fact that the viral tick vector is present in Western Europe, future outbreaks may extend to include hitherto naive areas, suggesting that increased surveillance and geographic mapping of this lethal pathogen is needed.

Received 10 July 2009; accepted 3 October 2009.




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