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Journal of General Virology (2002), 83, 2091-2108.
© 2002 Society for General Microbiology

Review Article

Occupancy and mechanism in antibody-mediated neutralization of animal viruses

P. J. Klasse1 and Q. J. Sattentau1

Jefferiss Research Trust Laboratories, Wright–Fleming Institute, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, St Mary’s Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK1

Author for correspondence: P. J. Klasse. Fax +44 20 7594 3906. e-mail p.klasse{at}ic.ac.uk

Neutralization of virus infectivity by antibodies is an important component of immunity to several virus infections. Here, the immunochemical basis for the action of neutralizing antibodies, and what role their induction of conformational changes in the antigen might play, is reviewed. Theories of the mechanisms by which antibodies neutralize virus infectivity in vitro are also presented. The theoretical and empirical foundation of the hypothesis that viruses are neutralized by a single antibody per virion is critically reviewed. The relationship between antibody occupancy on virions and the mechanism of neutralization is explored. Examples of neutralization mediated through antibody interference with virus attachment and entry are discussed and test implications of refined theories of neutralization by antibody coating of virions are formulated.




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