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Respiratory Virus Infection of Peripheral Blood Monocytes: Correlation with Ageing of Cells and Interferon Production in vitro

R. Michael Hendry^2,

¹ Division of Infectious Diseases, Schneider Children's Hospital of Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York 11042 and State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794
and² Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, U.S.A.

The ability of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3) to replicate in peripheral blood monocytes cultured in vitro for 1, 2, 4 or 7 days prior to infection was investigated. Inoculation of 1-day old monocytes produced at least tenfold less new virus than infection of the older, more macrophage-like cells for both viruses. PIV3 induced extensive syncytium formation, whereas RSV caused a cytopathic effect manifest by increased rounding of the cells with minimal syncytium formation. Supernatants of infected monocytes were assayed for human interferon- (HuIFN-) in an attempt to explain the restricted viral replication in the youngest monocytes. In PIV3-infected cells, HuIFN- production was inversely correlated with new virus formation. Monocytes infected after 1 day in culture produced 800 IU/ml of HuIFN-; the older cells produced 100 to 200 IU/ml. In contrast, monocytes infected on day 1 with RSV produced minimal amounts (1.5 IU/ml) of HuIFN-. Increasing amounts of HuIFN- were detected in cells infected with RSV after 2, 4 or 7 days in culture, reaching a maximum of 400 IU/ml on day 7. Further investigation of the apparent restriction of replication in young monocyte cultures may be helpful in understanding the pathogenesis of these respiratory infections.

Keywords: RS virus, PIV3, monocytes, interferon (HuIFN-)

Present address: Division of Virology, Office of Biologics, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20205, U.S.A.

Received 11 November 1986; accepted 18 March 1987.

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