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Interferon Induction by Viruses. III. Vesicular Stomatitis Virus: Interferon-inducing Particle Activity Requires Partial Transcription of Gene N

Microbiology Section, U-44, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06268, U.S.A.

We have measured the interferon-inducing particle (i.f.p.) activity of a ts mutant, G11(I), of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and a non-ts revertant, R1 (T1026) in ‘aged’ chick embryo cells and mouse L(Y) cells at 40.5 and 37.5°C, respectively. Our results suggest that a single i.f.p. suffices to induce a quantum yield of interferon and that there are several times more i.f.p. than plaque-forming particles (p.f.p.) in stock preparations of VSV. Furthermore, while virus replication or amplified RNA synthesis is not required for a particle of VSV to induce interferon, there is a requirement for primary transcription. About one-tenth of the genome must remain intact and be transcribed to synthesize an interferon-inducer moiety. (This represents transcription of about two-thirds of the N protein gene.)

We conclude that VSV does not contain a pre-formed inducer of interferon and propose a model for its formation. We suggest that there is a cumulative loss of N (and/or NS and L) protein from the ribonucleoprotein complex during primary transcription, leading ultimately to extensive base-pairing between the genome RNA and its complementary transcript. We suggest that the dsRNA thus formed constitutes the interferon inducer moiety of VSV.

Received 9 August 1979; accepted 5 October 1979.

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